Ganglions: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
What are the symptoms of ganglions?
Ganglions are noncancerous lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, although they can also occur in other areas of the body. Ganglions are typically firm or spongy to the touch and may vary in size.
Common symptoms of ganglions may include:
- Visible or palpable lump: A noticeable lump or mass that may be round or oval in shape.
- Pain or discomfort: Some ganglions may cause pain, especially if they are pressing on a nerve or joint.
- Changes in size: Ganglions may change in size over time, becoming larger or smaller.
- Changes in texture: The surface of a ganglion may be smooth or irregular, and the lump may feel firm or spongy.
- Restricted movement: Ganglions near joints or tendons may restrict movement or cause stiffness in the affected area.
- Numbness or tingling: If a ganglion is pressing on a nerve, it may cause numbness or tingling in the surrounding area.
- Increased discomfort with activity: Pain or discomfort from a ganglion may worsen with certain activities that involve the affected area.
It’s important to note that not all ganglions cause symptoms, and some may resolve on their own without treatment. However, if you are experiencing symptoms such as pain, discomfort, or restricted movement, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
What are the causes of ganglions?
The exact cause of ganglions is not known, but they are thought to develop from the joint capsules or the tendon sheaths surrounding joints and tendons. Ganglions are filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid called synovial fluid, which is found in joints and tendon sheaths.
Several factors may contribute to the development of ganglions, including:
- Joint or tendon injury: Trauma to a joint or tendon may cause the tissues to break down and form a ganglion.
- Repetitive strain: Activities that involve repetitive or excessive use of a joint or tendon may increase the risk of developing a ganglion.
- Joint or tendon inflammation: Inflammation of the joints or tendons, such as from arthritis or tendonitis, may contribute to the formation of ganglions.
- Weakness in the joint capsule or tendon sheath: Weakness in the tissues surrounding joints or tendons may make them more prone to developing ganglions.
- Genetic factors: Some studies suggest that there may be a genetic predisposition to developing ganglions.
It’s important to note that ganglions are not typically associated with cancer and are usually benign. However, if you notice a lump or mass that you suspect may be a ganglion, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
What is the treatment for ganglions?
Treatment for ganglions may vary depending on the size, location, and symptoms of the ganglion. In many cases, ganglions do not cause symptoms and may not require treatment. However, if a ganglion is causing pain or discomfort or is interfering with joint movement, treatment options may include:
- Observation: If a ganglion is small and not causing symptoms, a healthcare provider may recommend simply monitoring it over time to see if it changes in size or causes symptoms.
- Immobilization: Splinting or immobilizing the affected joint may help reduce pain and prevent the ganglion from getting larger.
- Aspiration: A healthcare provider may use a needle to drain the fluid from the ganglion, reducing its size and relieving pressure. However, ganglions may recur after aspiration.
- Corticosteroid injection: Injection of a corticosteroid medication into the ganglion may help reduce inflammation and pain. However, this treatment is not always effective and may be associated with risks.
- Surgery: If conservative treatments are not effective or if the ganglion is causing significant symptoms, surgical removal of the ganglion (ganglionectomy) may be recommended. During this procedure, the ganglion and its stalk are removed.
It’s important to note that even with treatment, ganglions can recur. Additionally, surgical removal of a ganglion carries risks, such as infection, nerve damage, and recurrence. Therefore, the decision to treat a ganglion and the choice of treatment should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider based on the individual’s specific circumstances.