What are the symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation?

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) occurs when the heart’s mitral valve does not close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward into the heart. Symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Heart murmur: A murmur, or abnormal heart sound, may be heard by a healthcare provider using a stethoscope.
2. Fatigue: Feeling tired or lacking energy, especially during physical activity.
3. Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during exertion or when lying flat.
4. Swollen feet or ankles: Fluid buildup in the body, known as edema, can cause swelling in the feet, ankles, or abdomen.
5. Heart palpitations: Sensations of rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeats.
6. Cough: A persistent cough, especially at night or when lying down, can be a symptom of heart failure associated with mitral valve regurgitation.
7. Chest pain or discomfort: While chest pain is less common with mitral valve regurgitation, some people may experience chest discomfort, especially during physical exertion.
8. Dizziness or lightheadedness: Feeling dizzy or lightheaded, especially when standing up quickly.
9. Frequent urination: Increased need to urinate, especially at night, due to fluid buildup in the body.

It’s important to note that some people with mitral valve regurgitation may not experience any symptoms, especially if the condition is mild. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they are new or worsening, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an evaluation. Mitral valve regurgitation can lead to serious complications if left untreated, so early detection and management are key.

What are the causes of mitral valve regurgitation?

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) can be caused by a variety of factors that affect the structure or function of the mitral valve. Some common causes of mitral valve regurgitation include:

1. Mitral valve prolapse: This is a condition in which the flaps (leaflets) of the mitral valve do not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart.
2. Mitral valve degeneration: The mitral valve can degenerate over time, becoming thickened, calcified, or floppy, which can lead to regurgitation.
3. Rheumatic fever: This is a complication of untreated strep throat that can cause scarring and thickening of the mitral valve, leading to regurgitation.
4. Heart attack: A heart attack can damage the muscles and structures of the heart, including the mitral valve, leading to regurgitation.
5. Congenital heart defects: Some people are born with abnormalities of the mitral valve that can lead to regurgitation.
6. Endocarditis: This is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, including the mitral valve, which can cause damage and regurgitation.
7. Dilated cardiomyopathy: This is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged, affecting the function of the mitral valve.
8. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: This is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thickened, affecting the function of the mitral valve.
9. Age-related changes: As people age, the mitral valve can degenerate and become less functional, leading to regurgitation.
10. Trauma: Injury to the chest or heart can damage the mitral valve and lead to regurgitation.

Mitral valve regurgitation can be caused by a combination of these factors, and the underlying cause can vary from person to person. It’s important to work with a healthcare provider to determine the cause of mitral valve regurgitation and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

What is the treatment for mitral valve regurgitation?

The treatment for mitral valve regurgitation (MR) depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Treatment options may include:

1. Medications: Medications such as diuretics (water pills) may be prescribed to reduce fluid buildup and swelling. Other medications, such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, may be used to reduce blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.
2. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be recommended to repair or replace the mitral valve. Mitral valve repair is preferred over replacement when possible, as it preserves the natural anatomy of the heart. However, if the valve cannot be repaired, it may need to be replaced with a mechanical or biological valve.
3. Transcatheter mitral valve repair: This minimally invasive procedure, also known as transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (MitraClip), may be an option for some patients with MR who are not candidates for surgery.
4. Lifestyle changes: Making lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol can help manage MR and reduce the risk of complications.
5. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of MR and its effects on the heart is important to determine if and when treatment is needed.

The appropriate treatment for MR depends on several factors, including the cause and severity of the condition, the presence of symptoms, and the overall health of the patient. It’s important for individuals with MR to work closely with their healthcare providers to determine the best treatment plan for their specific situation.